Reading Material for the Course

Dissolution of the One-Party Regime, 1945-1950

• Ahmad, Feroz, "The Multi-party Conundrum, 1945-1960," Chapter 6 of his The Making of Modern Turkey (London and New York: Routledge, 1993), pp.102-120.
• Çiner, Can Umut, "1946: 'Demokrasi'ye KavuÅŸma," in Birgül Ayman Güler et al (eds.), Açıklamalı Yönetim Zamandizini, 1940-1949 (Ankara: A. Ü. Siyasal Bilgiler Fakültesi, Kamu Yönetimi AraÅŸtırma ve Uygulama Merkezi Yayını, 2008), pp.701-731.
• Karpat, Kemal H., "The Social Classes and Wartime Developments," Chapter 4 of his Turkey's Politics: The Transition to a Multi-Party System (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1959), pp.98-133.
• Karpat, Kemal H., "The Beginning of Liberalization and the Establishment of Opposition Parties," Chapter 5 of his Turkey's Politics: The Transition to a Multi-Party System (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1959), pp.137-168.
• Uslu, AteÅŸ, "Çok Partili Hayata DönüÅŸ Dönemi: 'Hür Dünya'nın Saflarında," in Gökhan Atılgan, Cenk SaraçoÄŸlu and AteÅŸ Uslu (eds.), Osmanlı'dan Günümüze Türkiye'de Siyasal Hayat (Ä°stanbul: Yordam Kitap, 2015), pp.343-386.

Post-War Economic Developments

• Dik, Esra, "1948: Marshall Planı'yla 'Hür Dünya'ya GiriÅŸ," in Birgül Ayman Güler et al (eds.), Açıklamalı Yönetim Zamandizini, 1940-1949 (Ankara: A.Ü. Siyasal Bilgiler Fakültesi, Kamu Yönetimi AraÅŸtırma ve Uygulama Merkezi Yayını, 2008), pp.947-976.
• Okyar, Osman, "Mr. Thornburg on the Turkish Economy," Ä°. Ü. Ä°ktisat Fakültesi Mecmuası, 9/4 (1948), pp.268-284.
• Pamuk, Åževket, "Inward-Oriented Development after World War II," Chapter 9 of his Uneven Centuries: Economic Development of Turkey since 1820 (Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2018), pp.204-221.
• Sarc, Ömer Celal, "Economic Policy of the New Turkey," Middle East Journal, 2/4 (October 1948), pp.430-446.
• Tekeli, Ä°lhan, "II. Dünya Savaşı Sırasında Hazırlanan 'SavaÅŸ Sonrası Kalkınma Plan ve Programları,'" ODTÜ GeliÅŸme Dergisi/METU Studies in Development, Special Issue: Türkiye Ä°ktisat Tarihi üzerine AraÅŸtırmalar, II (1979-1980), pp.289-327.
• Thornburg, Max Weston, "Recommendations," in Max Weston Thornburg, Graham Spry and George Soule, Turkey: An Economic Appraisal (New York: The Twentieth Century Fund, 1949), pp.205-255.

Cold War and the American Dream

• Adalet, Begüm, "Introduction," to her Hotels and Highways: The Construction of Modernization Theory in Cold War Turkey (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2018), pp.1-21.
• Keskin-Kozat, Burçak, "Negotiating and Institiutional Framework for Turkey's Marshall Plan: The Conditions and Limits of Power Inequalities," in Cangül Örnek and ÇaÄŸdaÅŸ Üngör (eds.), Turkey in the Cold War: Ideology and Culture (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2013), pp.198-218.
• Örnek, Cangül, 1950'li Yıllarda ABD ile BuluÅŸma: Anti-komünizm, ModernleÅŸ-mecilik ve Maneviyatçılık (Ph.D. Dissertation, Marmara Üniversitesi, 2010)
• Örnek, Cangül, "From Analysis to Policy: Turkish Studies in the 1950s and the Diplomacy of Ideas," Middle Eastern Studies, 48/6 (November 2012), pp.941-959.
• Solomonovich, Nadav, "From 'Atomic Spies' to Turkish-American Relations: The Cold War in Turkish Children's Magazines in the 1950s," International Journal of Middle East Studies, 55 (2023), pp.693-714.

American Foreign Policy towards Turkey during the Cold War

• Bernstein, Barton J., "The Cuban Missile Crisis: Trading the Jupietrs in Turkey?" Political Science Quarterly, 95/1 (Spring 1980), pp.97-125.
• Bilge Criss, Nur, "Strategic Nuclear Missiles in Turkey: The Jupiter Affair, 1959-1963," The Journal of Strategic Studies, 20/3 (September 1997), pp.97-122.
• Birinci, Burcu, The Marshall Plan in Turkey: A Critical Evaluation of United States' Interests in the Plan and Its Effects on the Republic (MA thesis, BoÄŸaziçi Üniversitesi, 2007)
• Lee, James, "Foreign Aid, Development, and US Strategic Interests in the Cold War," International Studies Quarterly, 66/1 (March 2022), pp.1-14.
• Seydi, Süleyman, "Turkish-American Relations and the Cuban Missile Crisis, 1957-1963," Middle Eastern Studies, 46/3 (2010), pp.433-455.
• Üstün, Senem, "Turkey and the Marshall Plan: Strive for Aid," The Turkish Yearbook of International Relations, No.27 (1997), pp.31-52.

Economy during the Democrat Party, 1950-1960

• Ahmad, Feroz, "The Economy under the Democrat Party," Chapter 5 of his The Turkish Experiment in Democarcy, 1950-1975 (London: C. Hurst & Company, 1977), pp.122-146.
• Atılgan, Gökhan, "1950-1960: Tarımsal Kapitalizmin Sancağı Altında," in Gökhan Atılgan, Cenk SaraçoÄŸlu and AteÅŸ Uslu (eds.), Osmanlı'dan Günümüze Türkiye'de Siyasal Hayat (Ä°stanbul: Yordam Kitap, 2015), pp.389-514.
• Kazgan, Gülten, "Åžehirlere Akın ve Ä°ktisadi DeÄŸiÅŸme," Ä°stanbul Üniversitesi Ä°ktisat Fakültesi Mecmuası, 19/1-4 (1957), pp.375-394.
• Kazgan, Gülten, "Türkiye Ekonomisinde Strüktürel DeÄŸiÅŸme, 1950-1960," Ä°stanbul Üniversitesi Ä°ktisat Fakültesi Mecmuası, 23/3-4 (1963), pp.167-193.
• Pamuk, Åževket, "Economic Development and Institutional Change, 1950-1980," Chapter 10 of his Uneven Centuries: Economic Development of Turkey since 1820 (Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2018), pp.222-244.
• Pamuk, Åževket, "Ä°thal Ä°kamesi, Döviz DarboÄŸazları ve Türkiye, 1947-1979," in Korkut Boratav (ed.), Kriz, Gelir Dağılımı ve Türkiye'nin Alternatif Sorunu (Ä°stanbul: Kaynak Yayınları, 1987), pp.37-68.

Politics during the Democrat Party, 1950-1960

• Ahmad, Feroz, "The Menderes Era, 1950-1960," Chapter 2 of his The Turkish Experiment in Democracy, 1950-1975 (London: C. Hurst & Company, 1977), pp.35-75.
• Karpat, Kemal H., "Political Developments in Turkey, 1950-1970," Middle Eastern Studies, 8/3 (October 1972), pp.349-375.
• Zürcher, Erik J., "The Rule of the Democratic Party, 1950-1960," Chapter 13 of his Turkey: A Modern History, third edition (London: I. B. Tauris, 2004), pp.221-240.

Coup d'état of 1960

• Ahmad, Feroz, "Military Intervention, Institutional Restructuring, and Ideological Politics, 1960-1971," Chapter 7 of his The Making of Modern Turkey (London and New York: Routledge, 1993), pp.121-147.
• Ahmad, Feroz, "The Failure of Tutelary Democracy, 1961-1971," Chapter 7 of his The Turkish Experiment in Democracy, 1950-1975 (London: C. Hurst & Company, 1977), pp.177-211.
• Camello, Nicolas, "'The Military Seize the Law': The Drafting of the 1961 Constitution," in Marc Aymes, Benjamin Gourisse and Elise Massicard (eds.), Order and Compromise: Government Practices in Turkey from the Late Ottoman Empire to the Early 21st Century (Leiden and Boston: Brill, 2015), pp.121-145.
• Eser, H. Bahadır, Cemal Baltacı ve Mustafa Arslan, "Türk Siyasal Sisteminde 1960 Müdahalesi ve Vesayetin KurumsallaÅŸması Üzerine Bir Analiz Denemesi," Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, No.25 (May 2012), pp.69-97.
• Milor, Vedat, "Türkiye," Vedat Milor, Devleti Geri Getirmek: Türkiye ve Fransa'da Planlama ve Ekonomik Kalkınma Üzerine KarşılaÅŸtırmalı Bir Çalışma (Ä°stanbul: Ä°letiÅŸim Yayınları, 2022), pp.149-190.
• Parla, Taha, "Ä°kinci Kısım: 1961 ve 1982 Anayasaları ve 1971-73 DeÄŸiÅŸiklikleri," Taha Parla, Türkiye'de Anayasalar (Ä°stanbul: Ä°letiÅŸim Yayınları, 1991), pp.23-136.
• Shambayati, Hootan, "The Guardian of the Regime: The Turkish Constitutional Court in Comparative Perspective," in Said Amir Arjomand (ed.), Constitutional Politics in the Middle East with Special Reference to Turkey, Iraq, Iran and Afghanistan (Oxford and Portland: Hart Publishing, 2007), pp.99-121.
• ÅžimÅŸek, MürÅŸide, "ÇoÄŸulculuk ve Vesayet Ä°kileminde 1961 Anayasası," Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 22 (2020), pp.221-240.

Economic Planning and Import Substitution Industrialization

• Eastham, J. K., "The Turkish Development Plan: The First Five Years," The Economic Journal, 74/293 (March 1964), 132-136.
• Fry, Maxwell J., "Turkey's First Five-Year Development Plan: An Assess-ment," The Economic Journal, 81/322 (June 1971), pp.306-326.
• Milor, Vedat, A Comparative Study of Planning and Economic Development in Turkey and France: Bringing the State Back In (Ph.D. Dissertation, University of California at Berkeley, 1989)
• Milor, Vedat, "The Genesis of Planning in Turkey," New Perspectives on Turkey, 4 (September 1990), pp.1-30.
• Parla, Taha, "Mercantile Militarism in Turkey, 1960-1998," New Perspectives on Turkey, 19 (October 1998), pp.29-52.
• Parla, Taha, "Türkiye'de Merkantilist Militarizm, 1960-1998," Birikim, Nos.160-161 (August-September 2002), pp.67-79.
• Rozaliev, Yuri Nikolaevich, "27 Mayıs 1960 Devriminin Mahiyeti, Yeni Hükümetin Büyük Sermaye Karşısındaki Politikası," Chapter 1 of his Türkiye'de Sınıflar ve Sınıf Mücadeleleri (Ä°stanbul: Belge Yayınları, 1979), pp.1-24.
• Bayar, Ali, "The Developmental State and Economic Policy in Turkey," Third World Quarterly, 17 (1996), pp.773-785.
• Celasun, Merih, "Development Policy and Industrialization in Turkey," International Journal on World Peace, 11/2 (June 1994), pp.41-57.
• Ceyhun, Fikret, "The Politics of Industrialization in Turkey," Journal of Contemporary Asia, 18/3 (1988), pp.333-357.
• EÅŸiyok, B. Ali, Türkiye Ekonomisinde Kalkınma Stratejileri ve SanayileÅŸme (Ankara: Türkiye Kalkınma Bankası A.Åž., 2004)
• Karpat, Kemal H., "Political Developments in Turkey, 1950-1970," Middle Eastern Studies, 8/3 (October 1972), pp.349-375.
• Karpat, Kemal H., Turkey's Politics: The Transition to a Multi-party System (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1959)
• Pamuk, Åževket, "Economic Change in Twentieth-Century Turkey: Is the Glass More Than Half Full?" in ReÅŸat Kasaba (ed.), The Cambridge History of Turkey, Volume 4: Turkey in the Modern World (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008), pp.266-300.
• Pamuk, Åževket, "Editor's Introduction: Turkey's Experience with Neoliberal Policies and Globalizaiton since 1980," New Perspectives on Turkey, 47 (Fall 2012), pp.5-10.
• Pamuk, Åževket, "Economic Development and Institutional Change, 1950-1980," Chapter 10 of his Uneven Centuries: Economic Development of Turkey since 1820 (Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2018), pp.222-244.
• Pamuk, Åževket, "Neoliberal Policies and Globalization," Chapter 11 of his Uneven Centuries: Economic Development of Turkey since 1820 (Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2018), pp.245-274.
• Pamuk, Åževket, "Political Economy of Industrialization of Turkey," Merip Reports, No.93 (January 1981), pp.26-30, 32.
• Pamuk, Åževket, "Turkey, 1946-1990," Chapter 5 of Roger Owen and Åževket Pamuk, A History of Middle East Economies in the Twentieth Century (London: I. B. Tauris, 1998), pp.104-126.
• Åženses, Fikret, "Turkey's Experince with Neoliberal Policies since 1980 in Retrospect and Prospect," New Perspectives on Turkey," 47 (Fall 2012), pp.11-31.
• Taymaz, Erol and Ebru Voyvoda, "Marching to the Beat of a Late Drummer: Turkey's Experience of Neoliberal Industrialization since 1980," New Perspectives on Turkey, 47 (Fall 2012), ss.83-113.
• Ahmad, Feroz, "The Transition to Democracy in Turkey," Third World Quarterly, 7/2 (April 1985), pp.211-226.
• 1961 Anayasası, T.C. Resmi Gazete, 31 Mayıs 1961
• 1982 Anayasası, T.C. Resmi Gazete, 9 Kasım 1982

Further Readings

• Aral, Berdal, "Fifty Years On: Turkey's Voting Orientation at the UN General Assembly, 1948-1997," Middle Eastern Studies, 40/2 (March 2004), pp.137-160.
• Aydın, Zülküf, "The State," Chapter 1 of his The Political Economy of Turkey (London and Ann Arbor: Pluto Press, 2005), pp.25-56.
• Belge, Murat, "Sol," in Irwin Cemil Schick and ErtuÄŸrul Ahmet Tonak (eds.), GeçiÅŸ Sürecinde Türkiye (Ä°stanbul: Belge Yayınları, 1990), pp.159-188.
• Cizre-SakallıoÄŸlu, Ümit, "Ideology, Context and Interest: The Turkish Military," in ReÅŸat Kasaba (ed.), The Cambridge History of Turkey, Volume 4: Turkey in the Modern World (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008), pp.301-332.
• Çolpan, Aslı M. and Geoffrey Jones, "Business Groups, Entrepreneurship and the Growth of the Koç Group in Turkey," Business History, 58/1 (2016), pp.69-88.
• Nye, Roger P., "Civil-Military Confrontation in Turkey: The 1973 Presidential Election," International Journal of Middle Eastern Studies, 8 (1977), pp.209-228.
• Önder, Nilgün, "Integrating with the Global Market: The State and the Crisis of Political Representation--Turkey in the 1980s and 1990s," International Journal of Political Economy, 28/2 (Summer 1998), pp.44-84.
• Örnek, Cangül and ÇaÄŸdaÅŸ Üngör (eds.), Turkey in the Cold War: Ideology and Culture (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2013)
• Völker, Gottfried E., "Turkish Labour Migration to Germany: Impact on Both Economies," Middle Eastern Studies, 12/1 (January 1976), pp.45-72.

• Ahmad, Feroz, "Politics and Political Parties in Republican Turkey," in ReÅŸat Kasaba (ed), The Cambridge History of Turkey, Volume 4: Turkey in the Modern World (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008), pp.226-265.

Theoretical articles

• Hirschman, Albert O., "The Political Economy of Import-Substituting Industrialization in Latin America," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 82/1 (February 1968), pp.1-32.